ABSTRACT. Soybean represents a valuable source of food for humans and animals and the quality of the seeds has great importance for the establishment and high productivity of this crop. Soybean seeds require continuous improvement, which is dependent on a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that coordinate seed germination. To investigate whether the method of water absorption into soybean seeds could lead to abnormal seedlings, and if this could be associated with cytogenetical consequences, we premoistened the seeds of three cultivars; M 6410 IPRO, M6210 IPRO, and BMX Potência RR by direct immersion (fast method), use of a wet substrate (intermediate method), and by moist atmosphere (slow method) with distilled water at 25ºC for 24 hours. We investigated the normal and abnormal seedlings, electrical conductivity, mitosis, cell death, and the chromosomal abnormalities index. The comet assay was applied to investigate DNA fragmentation. Direct immersion in water induced seedling growth inhibition and caused cytological alterations associated with genotoxicity effects in the studied soybean genotypes. Slow premoistening of the seeds increased seedling performance as a result of higher final germination percentage (above 85%), reduced abnormal seedlings (below 5%, on average), and reduced the electrical conductivity of seeds. All three genotypes of soybean seeds lost their ability to withstand the imbibitional damage induced by direct immersion as abnormal seedlings increased. We concluded that the fast water absorption by seeds poses a threat to genomic integrity owing to its potential for genotoxicity to DNA, manifesting as breaks or loss of whole chromosomes. Slow premoistening of the seeds resulted in a longer time period to deal with damage. Stabilized seedling growth was provided by altering cytogenetic responses during uptake of water by soybean seeds through the maintenance of cell viability.

Resumo A conversão de floresta ripária em áreas agrícolas resulta na perda da qualidade da água e da saúde da biota aquática. Assim, os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar a proporção de uso do solo com ênfase no tipo de cobertura vegetal; avaliar os parâmetros limnológicos e a concentração de elementos inorgânicos na água do córrego São José na Bacia do Rio Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil; correlacionar o uso do solo com as concentrações de elementos inorgânicos na água; e avaliar o risco para preservação da biota aquática e efeito tóxico in situ em Astyanax lacustris. Amostras de água do córrego São José foram coletadas em 2020 e avaliado o uso do solo com imagens aéreas de alta resolução. Os elementos inorgânicos nas amostras de água foram quantificados por espectrofotometria de emissão óptica de plasma indutivamente acoplado. No entorno do córrego São José, observou-se a redução da floresta ripária com proporção de 16,32% da área e a predominância de áreas agrícolas com 75,06%. As concentrações de oxigênio dissolvido (1,500 mg L-1) e P (> 0,235 mg L-1) apresentaram valores em desacordo com a legislação nacional. Além disso, Al e P indicaram riscos quanto à conservação da biota aquática (quociente de risco >1). A avaliação in situ de A. lacustris também revelou toxicidade na água. Os resultados indicaram desequilíbrio ambiental no córrego São José e, portanto, requerem medidas mitigadoras para sua recuperação e o uso sustentável de seus recursos.

Abstract The conversion of riparian forests into agricultural land results in the loss of water quality and aquatic biota health. The objectives of this study were therefore to determine the proportion of land use with emphasis on the type of vegetation cover; evaluate the limnological parameters and concentration of inorganic elements in the water of the São José stream in the Dourados River Basin, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil; correlate land use with the concentrations of inorganic elements in water; and evaluate the risk to preservation aquatic biota and in situ toxic effect on Astyanax lacustris. We collected samples from the São José Stream in 2020 and evaluated land use with high resolution aerial images. The inorganic elements in water samples were quantified using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. In the surroundings of the São José stream, a reduction in riparian forest was observed with a proportion of only 16.32% of the area and the predominance of agricultural areas with 75.06%. The concentrations of dissolved oxygen (1.510 mg L-1) and P (> 0.235 mg L-1) in the water did not comply with the national legislation. In addition, Al and P indicated risks regarding the conservation of aquatic biota (risk quotient >1). The in situ evaluation of A. lacustris also revealed toxicity in the water. The results indicate environmental imbalance in the São José stream, requiring mitigation measures for its restoration and the sustainable use of its resources.

Resumo O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as concentrações de metais nas águas nos Rios Dourados e Brilhante, investigar a influência das características da paisagem no entorno destes rios sobre a qualidade da água e avaliar os riscos associados a contaminação dos metais para a biota aquática e saúde humana. As amostragens foram realizadas em dezoitos pontos distribuídos ao longo dos rios em junho de 2016. As concentrações de metais (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cr, Al e Co) na água foram analisadas utilizando espectroscopia de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplada. Todas as amostras possuíam concentrações de Fe acima do valor limite para a biota aquática (0,3 mg L− 1). Além disso, a avaliação do uso e cobertura do solo nas áreas de estudo revelou extensa atividade agrícola, particularmente nas áreas de nascentes do Rio Dourados. A biodisponibilidade de Fe para ambos os rios indicou riscos para a biota aquática e humana. No geral, o elevado teor de Fe nesses rios foi atribuído à atividade antropogênicas nas proximidades desses corpos de água e as características do solo da área. Considerando a importância das bacias hidrográficas, é necessário a implementação das políticas públicas para sua conservação, principalmente as relacionadas ao cultivo de florestas de espécies nativas e práticas agrícolas sustentáveis, além da melhoria da infraestrutura de tratamento de efluentes, que é indispensável para minimização dos efeitos adversos da contaminação por elementos químicos nos corpos hídricos.

Abstract This study assessed the concentrations of metals in the Dourados and Brilhante Rivers, investigated the influence of landscape features surrounding these rivers on water quality, and evaluated the risks associated with metal contamination for aquatic biota and human health. Sampling was conducted at eighteen sites distributed along the rivers in June 2016. The concentrations of metals (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cr, Al and Co) in the water were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. All the samples possessed Fe concentrations above the threshold value for aquatic biota (0.3 mg L-1). Moreover, land use and land cover assessment of the study area revealed extensive agriculture activity, particularly in areas surrounding the Dourados River headwaters. Fe bioavailability for both rivers indicated risks for aquatic biota and human health. Overall, the elevated Fe content in these rivers was attributed to anthropogenic activity in the vicinity of these water bodies and the soil characteristics of the area. Considering the importance of river basins, it is necessary to implement public policies for their conservation, especially those related to the cultivation of forests of native species and sustainable agricultural practices, in addition to improving the effluent treatment infrastructure, which is essential to minimize the adverse effects of contamination by chemical elements in water bodies.

Abstract Recent molecular tools and technologies have marked the discovery of the origin and domestication processes of a wide variety of species, using either genomic or mitochondrial molecular markers to provide input for selection programs, as well as the management and conservation of animal breeds. This study aimed to analyze genes of mitochondrial DNA of the following sheep (Ovis aries) breeds: Pantaneira, Bergamácia, Dorper, White Dorper, Ile de France and Hampshire Down, to obtain their population genetic parameters and investigate the origin of these sheep populations reared in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. The analysis of mitochondrial DNA allowed to infer their phylogenetic relationships and revealed significant differences among them when compared with each other and with sequences obtained from GenBank. Through the formation of haplotypes, it was noted that the Pantaneira breed served as the maternal basis for the formation of the other breeds reared in the region, and it was possible to suggest a European origin for the sheep populations studied.

RESUMO: O extrato aquoso de folhas de Aristolochia triangularis mostrou atividade sobre larvas de Artemia salina, com um DL50 de 370,6 µg/mL. Em experimentos com sementes de Allium cepa, o extrato provocou uma redução de 51,26% no índice de germinação, inibiu o crescimento radicular médio e foi citotóxico nas concentrações de 668 e 2.000 µg/mL. Sua atividade antioxidante foi adicionalmente avaliada nesta pesquisa e o valor de poder redutor de íons férrico foi de 391,2 µM/g. Tal propriedade benéfica para a saúde pode ser parcialmente atribuída ao conteúdo de compostos fenólicos totais, espectrofotometricamente determinada como 52,67 mg/g. A ocorrência de citotoxicidade sugeriu cautela ao consumir chás de folhas de A. triangularis para propósitos medicinais, e igualmente revela a necessidade por estudos adicionais para investigar os efeitos adversos deles.

ABSTRACT: The aqueous extract of Aristolochia triangularis leaves showed activity against Artemia salina larvae, with an LD50 of 370.6 µg/mL. In experiments with Allium cepa seeds, the extract caused a 51.26% reduction in the germination index, inhibited mean root growth, and was cytotoxic at concentrations of 668 and 2,000 µg/mL. Its antioxidant activity was additionally assessed in this research and the ferric reducing antioxidant power value was found to be 391.2 µM/g. Such health-beneficial property can be attributed partly to the total phenolic content, spectrophotometrically determined as 52.67 mg/g. The occurrence of cytotoxicity suggested caution when consuming teas from A. triangularis leaves for medicinal purposes, and equally reveals the need for further studies to investigate their adverse effects.